{"id":71002,"date":"2018-04-25T07:02:18","date_gmt":"2018-04-25T06:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/iconocidad-y-facilidad-de-aprendizaje-de-los-simbolos-pictograficos-de-arasaac"},"modified":"2023-02-09T11:19:17","modified_gmt":"2023-02-09T10:19:17","slug":"iconocity-and-ease-of-learning-of-the-symbols-pictographic-of-arasaac","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/en\/iconocity-and-ease-of-learning-of-the-symbols-pictographic-of-arasaac","title":{"rendered":"Study on the &#8220;Iconicity and ease of learning of ARASAAC pictographic symbols&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av-layout-grid-1'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-3dy6c1-89493982ef21cb7a44d62f4f3a00a190 entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first   container_wrap fullsize'  >\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" 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av-special-heading-h2  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >2018 &#8211; Study on the <span class='special_amp'>&#8220;<\/span>Iconicity and ease of learning of the ARASAAC pictographic symbols<span class='special_amp'>&#8221;<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-q3reld-37da44d2d4c139914e9ba49da1ec9aed\">\n.flex_cell.av-q3reld-37da44d2d4c139914e9ba49da1ec9aed{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-q3reld-37da44d2d4c139914e9ba49da1ec9aed{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-q3reld-37da44d2d4c139914e9ba49da1ec9aed av-gridrow-cell av_one_fourth no_margin  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_cell_one_half  avia-builder-el-last ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-o4pbjl-32b97bb151da4ba9b142850f0ecc31c2\">\n.avia-image-container.av-o4pbjl-32b97bb151da4ba9b142850f0ecc31c2 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-o4pbjl-32b97bb151da4ba9b142850f0ecc31c2 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-o4pbjl-32b97bb151da4ba9b142850f0ecc31c2 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S021446031830041X\" class=\"avia_image\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-24691 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-24691 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/pdf_download.png\" alt='' title='pdf_download'  height=\"128\" width=\"128\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/pdf_download.png 128w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/pdf_download-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/pdf_download-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/pdf_download-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mdusxd-eb83356455e55d34aa931343fbbf8656'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S021446031830041X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>LINK TO THE PUBLICATION<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_grid_row_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-71002'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'><section  class='av_textblock_section av-l0yh0h-c8b4592098977d1675bf701c3ba35886'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">Authors: Francisco Cabello Luque<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">Cristina Maz\u00f3n Morillas<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\">Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p>\n<div class='flex_column av-ipp7s1-3d4a81d60b38240a59cad99d0ade8b6a av_one_full  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_layout_row  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-h8s7j5-a8071fa192208c54bb55744697cfbf70\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-h8s7j5-a8071fa192208c54bb55744697cfbf70 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-h8s7j5-a8071fa192208c54bb55744697cfbf70'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Bibliographic information<\/h3>\n<p>Iconicity and ease of learning of ARASAAC pictographic symbols<\/p>\n<p>CABELLO, F. and MAZ\u00d3N, C. &#8220;Iconicity and ease of learning of ARASAAC pictographic symbols&#8221;.  <strong>Journal of Speech Therapy, Phoniatrics and Audiology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Available in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S021446031830041X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S021446031830041X<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-g2556p-f58d3e876b083964a0afc7e1d259b5a9\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-g2556p-f58d3e876b083964a0afc7e1d259b5a9 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-g2556p-f58d3e876b083964a0afc7e1d259b5a9'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Introduction<\/h3>\n<p>In previous research by Bertola (2017) and Cabello and Bertola (2015) it was found that the ARASAAC pictograms had a high index of iconicity and, in fact, were more transparent than those of the SPC and Bliss sets. This finding was also replicated in the adult population, the child population with typical development, and the child population diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.<\/p>\n<p>The importance of high iconicity lies in its relationship with greater ease of learning. However, in these studies it was not possible to verify whether the ARASAAC symbols were actually easier to learn, and therefore the general objective of this work was the ease of learning the set of the ARASAAC, SPC and Bliss pictographic symbols in minors with developmental disorders.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-eu0htt-3a6af92f5bce28e39d0b32b93c5115be\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-eu0htt-3a6af92f5bce28e39d0b32b93c5115be .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-eu0htt-3a6af92f5bce28e39d0b32b93c5115be'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Participants and task<\/h3>\n<p>The study involved 24 minor users of the Center for Child Development and Early Care (CDIAT) of Puerto Lumbreras (Murcia), diagnosed with language delay, specific language disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The children were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups according to the set of pictograms used: ARASAAC, SPC and Bliss.<\/p>\n<p>As in the other works on ARASAAC, a total of 30 words were selected corresponding to the grammatical categories of nouns, verbs and adjectives. For each of them, a group of 4 pictograms (one corresponding to the target word and three distractors) was presented on a computer, so that the experimenter presented the word orally and the children had to select the pictogram that corresponded to it. For example, in the example of the figure, &#8220;moon&#8221; would be the correct pictogram while &#8220;cat&#8221;, &#8220;telephone&#8221; and &#8220;sleep&#8221; would be the distractors.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8111 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1-300x293.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1-300x293.png 300w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1-768x751.png 768w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1-705x689.png 705w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1-450x440.png 450w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_1.png 930w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The task was organized into four different sessions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Initial evaluation: it consisted of 30 essays, in each of which 4 pictograms appeared on the computer screen, one corresponding to the target word and three distractors. The experimenter presented the word orally and the children had to select the pictogram that corresponded to it, without receiving information on whether their answers were correct or incorrect.<\/li>\n<li>Training 1: consisted of another 30 trials with the same stimuli as the initial assessment. The children&#8217;s homework was the same, but now if the answer was correct they were congratulated and a sticker was placed on a cardboard, while in case of error it was corrected and the experimenter pointed out the correct pictogram.<\/li>\n<li>Training 2: The procedure followed was identical to that of the first training.<\/li>\n<li>Follow-up: Finally, between 7-9 days later a follow-up session was carried out to assess the maintenance of what was learned. The procedure was identical to that of the initial assessment, so that the children were not told if their answers were correct and errors were not corrected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-czv0sx-38d615b6fc8d48fdef8b1a9fdb267442\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-czv0sx-38d615b6fc8d48fdef8b1a9fdb267442 .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-czv0sx-38d615b6fc8d48fdef8b1a9fdb267442'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Results<\/h3>\n<p>The following graph shows the percentage of successes of the three groups (ARASAAC, SPC and Bliss) in the initial evaluation, training, and follow-up sessions.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8112 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_2.png 1000w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_2-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_2-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_2-705x393.png 705w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/Iconicidad_simbolos_ARASAAC_2-450x251.png 450w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In the initial evaluation, ARASAAC achieved the best results, which is interpreted as another indication of the greater iconicity of its pictograms. During the training, the ARASAAC group continued to show a significantly higher percentage of successes than the SPC and, although the difference was more evident after the first session and was equal with the SPC group after the second. Regarding follow-up, only the ARASAAC and SPC groups maintained learning after one week, and again ARASAAC achieved the best results.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-bfnx0h-97cdc4540b2efd7b291e274d232eea4a\">\n#top .av_textblock_section.av-bfnx0h-97cdc4540b2efd7b291e274d232eea4a .avia_textblock{\nfont-size:14px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-bfnx0h-97cdc4540b2efd7b291e274d232eea4a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Conclusions<\/h3>\n<p>ARASAAC was the system that showed greater iconicity and also greater ease of learning at all times, followed by SPC and finally Bliss. In addition, it showed a significant increase in successes already after the first training session, while the other sets needed two sessions to produce this improvement.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, this work provides positive data on the acquisition of the pictographic symbols of ARASAAC as opposed to the other well-established systems such as SPC and Bliss, and continues to accumulate evidence in favor of their quality and validity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-layout-grid-2'  class='av-layout-grid-container av-94qg5t-9671fe1685dd2573e17ab1324beca79f entry-content-wrapper main_color av-flex-cells  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  grid-row-not-first  container_wrap fullsize'  >\n<div class='flex_cell av-7rf44h-b24465bb67af99aff2c30c066f91de41 av-gridrow-cell av_one_third no_margin  avia-builder-el-16  el_before_av_cell_one_third  avia-builder-el-first ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div><div class='flex_cell av-5wqcnl-1e530df4d0788bcc6612c3e274405fc0 av-gridrow-cell av_one_third no_margin  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_cell_one_third  el_before_av_cell_one_third ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-436b8h-a36bd358ef2ce65ba61f774e0db989e3\">\n.avia-image-container.av-436b8h-a36bd358ef2ce65ba61f774e0db989e3 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-436b8h-a36bd358ef2ce65ba61f774e0db989e3 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-436b8h-a36bd358ef2ce65ba61f774e0db989e3 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-18  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/en\/scientific-research-carried-out-on-the-pictographic-symbols-of-arasaac\" class='avia_image' ><img decoding=\"async\" class='wp-image-28919 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-28919 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-80x80.png\" alt='' title='house'  height=\"80\" width=\"80\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-120x120.png 120w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa-450x450.png 450w, https:\/\/aulaabierta.arasaac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/casa.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-38eez5-9134bf230968155bd8280b7242daeb6b\">\n.flex_cell.av-38eez5-9134bf230968155bd8280b7242daeb6b{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_cell.av-38eez5-9134bf230968155bd8280b7242daeb6b{\npadding:30px 30px 30px 30px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class='flex_cell av-38eez5-9134bf230968155bd8280b7242daeb6b av-gridrow-cell av_one_third no_margin  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_cell_one_third  avia-builder-el-last ' ><div class='flex_cell_inner'><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-71002","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - 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